Md. Jannatul Islam Polash, Rashni Agarwala, Khadija Tul Simran, Thashina Tasnim Tisha, Arghya Prosun Sarkar*
Department of Pharmacy, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
*Address for Corresponding author:
Arghya Prosun Sarkar,
Department of Pharmacy, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
Abstract
Background: Antibiotic resistance can truly be considered as one of the greatest public health difficulties in worldwide as well as in Bangladesh because of the widespread misuse and overuse, inadequate surveillance, scanty healthcare standard, and unaffordability of costly drugs. This review was displayed, to sum up, the contemporary scenario of ABR in Bangladesh to recognize inadequacies of surveillance, to deliver methodological information, and ultimately suggest some recommendations based on the review. Materials and Methods: This systematic review gathered information from 36 different articles relevant to ABR in Bangladesh published from 01 January 2015 to 30 September 2020. Results: The mean resistance and susceptibility testing pattern of antibiotics were categorized into 4 segments (Urinary tract infection-UTI, Bloodstream infection-BSI, Intestinal infection-II & Wound infection-WI). The review has revealed that (Gr-) Escherichia coli was the most prevalent pathogen causing UTIs; And, identified the most effective antibiotics against UTIs were Imipenem (95.7%), Amikacin (93%), Meropenem (79%) & Nitrofurantoin (76.3%), but the highest resistance showed to Nalidixic acid (91.4%), Amoxicillin (97.4%), and moderately Cephalosporin. Bloodstream-infection, which was usually caused by Salmonella Typhi, Acinetobacter, & Staphylococcus spp., was the most resistant to Nalidixic acid (98%), Cotrimoxazole (65.2%), Cefotaxime and Tobramycin (100%); Otherwise, Gentamicin, Vancomycin and Polymyxin B (100%) were the most effective antibiotics. Vibrio cholerae, E. coli, & S. Typhi were the most predominant pathogen for Intestinal-infection and utmost sensitivity was found to Gentamicin (93.6%), Chloramphenicol (91.1%), and Ceftriaxone (86.8%). And, resistance to Nalidixic acid (86%) & Cotrimoxazole (84%). Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli were the most causative organism associated with surgical Wound-infection; and the most effective antibiotics were Azithromycin, Imipenem, & Cefuroxime (100%). Conclusion: It’s high time to control the misuse and overuse, and appropriate initiatives should be taken to reinforce the new policy of rational prescription use to minimize antibiotic resistance.
Keywords: Antibiotics (Antimicrobials), Antibiotic Resistance (ABR or AMR), Sensitivity, Pathogens, Infections.
